How Your Eyes Change with Age
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As our bodies age, it is normal to notice that there are decreases in our ability to complete certain functions that may have been natural for us in our youth. Just like our physical strength, the strength of our eyes can also weaken over time.
Several different factors influence how each of us will experience aging. Your genetics can play a pivotal role. Understanding your family history and making sure to communicate this with your health professional can be a great way to monitor changes and spot early signs and symptoms. Exposure to certain chemicals or environments, or specific trauma to our eyes, can also have an impact on how our eyes age. While the eyes can often recover from traumatic injury or exposure, they may still have a detrimental effect on your vision as you age.
Knowing at what age you start to have an increased risk of certain diseases or eye conditions can help you to be prepared when you meet with your optometrist. Here are some of the most common ailments that people experience when they age.
Presbyopia
Once you are over 40 years old, you may experience a loss of vision at close range. Presbyopia is a normal condition that occurs due to the hardening of the lens in your eye. In the early stages, you can often compensate for small changes to your vision, but as the condition progresses, you will likely need a corrective lens or choose a surgical procedure. Such as Lasik, corneal inlays, refractive lens exchange, and conductive keratoplasty.
Cataracts
Cataracts are technically a disease of the eye. However, they are so frequently seen in patients as they age that they are classified as a normal part of aging. While almost half of the population over 65 has cataracts, that number increases even more by age 70. While it can be frightening to begin losing your vision, cataract surgery is extremely successful and can restore up to 100% of the lost vision. If you notice even small changes to your vision, it is smart to talk to your doctor. Cataract surgery is best performed when the cataracts are small and can be more easily removed.
Macular Degeneration
This disease is the leading cause of blindness in senior citizens in the United States.
Glaucoma
The risk of developing glaucoma generally begins when you are in your 40s, with a near one percent chance, and increases throughout the decades, with a twelve percent chance by the time you are in your 80s.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Individuals who have diabetes may be affected by diabetic retinopathy. This disease occurs when blood sugar levels are elevated for an extended period, which causes damage to the eye. This damage may lead to permanent vision loss. Americans with diabetes over the age of 40 are at an increased risk, with about 40 percent of people with diabetes over this age displaying some degree of diabetic retinopathy.
Other Aging-Related Issues
The previous examples are what we normally imagine when we think about age-related issues and our eyes, but there are other changes that also occur. Some of these can be treated with over-the-counter medications or eye drops, while others are a natural part of the aging process.
Dry eyes
Our bodies naturally decrease tear production as we age. This reduction can leave your eyes feeling dry. Fortunately, you can use an eye drop or artificial tears solution to keep your eyes moist and free from discomfort.
Peripheral vision loss
Our peripheral field of vision gradually decreases as we age. Researchers suggest that the rate is between 1-3 percent of that field of vision per decade of our life. This means that by the time you reach your 70s or 80s that your peripheral vision could be reduced by as much as 20 to 30 degrees.
Seek Help
It’s important to know that you should not attempt to self-diagnose any changes to your eyes. If you experience a change in your vision, it is important to see your eye care professional immediately to prevent additional or unwarranted damage to your eyes and vision.
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FAQs
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The difficulty is due to presbyopia, a natural hardening of the lens inside the eye. This loss of flexibility makes it challenging for the eye to focus on objects up close, which often starts around age 40.
